FSS Vitamin K Liposome PF
Preserved with Leucidal Liquid

BACKGROUND
Vitamins are essential for the body to maintain both mental and physical
well-being, in addition to being vital for proper cell function. Doctors are
writing prescriptions at alarming rates, in fact half of all Americans have used a prescription
drug in last month. However, consumers are pushing back using their growing
awareness of the benefits of vitamins as an alternative option to a dermatological prescription. A
nutritious diet, exercise and vitamin/mineral supplements seem to be the most
effective means in curing ailments. The body’s largest organ, the skin, suffers
tremendously, as well. The nutrients provided by vitamins have been show to
increase the body’s vitality through defending against illness and helping to repair damaged tissues
and organs.
SCIENCE
Dark circles under the eyes, redness and broken capillaries are some of
the most unwanted effects generally associated with aging. Many believe that
these skin conditions are mostly caused by fatigue, sun exposure and stress.
Although these factors can certainly accelerate aging, many studies suggest
that their main cause is improper blood clotting. For this reason we created FSS Vitamin K Liposome PF, a unique cosmetic ingredient that
provides the nutrients required to promote proper blood clotting utilizing a modern encapsulation technology for enhanced
delivery to the skin.
Sometimes blood travels too fast through the capillaries’ narrow
diameter, which may lead to some of the blood leaking out and pooling around
the eyes. The body has mechanism for oxidizing the excess blood which consists of enzymes
breaking down all parts of red blood cells, including hemoglobin. When
hemoglobin is broken down it changes to a blue, almost purple color which becomes visible through
the thin layer of skin found around the eye. This is where the dark under eye
circles come from. However, as we age, the skin under the eyes tends to thin out making the
veins below the eyes even more visible.
Vitamin K, also known as phytonadione, is a fat-soluble vitamin created
by the liver to ensure proper blood clotting while enhancing capillary
strength. Its relation to the circulatory system has been parlayed into its use as an ideal cosmetic
ingredient to help diminish vascular conditions that emerge as skin imperfections
such as dark
circles under the eyes, redness from rosacea, and broken capillaries.
A new application for Vitamin K was identified in 1993. Gas6 is a
vitamin K-dependent protein that appears to be a cellular growth regulation
factor with cell-signaling activities. Gas6 is important in diverse cellular functions
including cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and protection against apoptosis.
For this reason Vitamin K is often used in skin care applications to promote
healthier and younger looking skin and in hair care applications to provide
intense therapy to the scalp.
A small-scale in-vivo study showed the benefits of applying a
lotion containing 1% vitamin K to shorten the amount of time that skin is
reddish-purple after a pulsed dye laser treatment. This further supports the benefits
of this distinct nutrient to reduce inflammation and promote healthy looking
skin.
FSS Vitamin K Liposome PF was designed to provide the benefits
associated with Vitamin K with enhanced delivery due through a unique encapsulation
technology. Liposomes are microscopic vesicles that consist of an aqueous
center with a phospholipid membrane. Phospholipids contain a glycerol bonded to
two fatty acids and a phosphate group with a polar head. The fatty acid portion of this
biomolecule is hydrophobic and is located toward the outside of the lipid
bilayer whereas the phosphate group is hydrophilic and faces the aqueous
interior. These phospholipid walls are identical to those that comprise other
human cell membranes.
The skin is the primary protective organ that allows very few foreign
objects to penetrate. For this reason, some molecules are unable to effectively
penetrate the stratum corneum. However, with the liposome as a vehicle we can
release these active molecules through several layers of epidermis, but without
diffusing too deeply. The liposomes may attach and fuse to the cellular
membranes, releasing their contents into the target cells. Along with the
capacity to carry hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic molecules, there are many
other advantages to using liposomes as delivery mechanisms in skincare and for
other cosmetic uses. Along with being nontoxic and noninvasive, the size of the
transported molecule will not account as a restriction. In general, liposomes
are exceptionally large structures and thus cannot penetrate into the deeper
layers of the skin, but they are miscible with the skin’s primary moisture
barrier, the epidermal lipids.
BENEFITS
FSS Vitamin K Liposome PF is ideal for cosmetic and personal care
applications that are specifically designed to help condition the skin and
reduce the appearance of dark circles and redness associated with improper
blood clotting. This unique ingredient can therefore help promote younger
appearing skin with a more revitalized and even looking complexion.
INCI
Nomenclature:
|
Phospholipids
& Phytonadione
|
Suggested
Use Levels:
|
2.0-10.0%
|
Appearance:
|
Liquid
Liposomal Dispersion
|
Solubility:
|
Water Soluble
|
Application/Benefits:
|
Skin Conditioning,
Reducing the appearance
of dark
circles
|
Storage: Protected from direct
light and humidity at a temperature of 50°-77°F (10°-25°C)
Shelf life: 12 months, properly stored, in sealed container.
This product
should be added to a formulation at the recommended usage rate
References:
1. Lou WW, Quintana AT, Geronemus RG, Grossman MC. Effects of topical
vitamin K and retinol on laser-induced purpura on non-lesional skin.
Dermatolagic
Surgery. 1999, 25, 942-944.